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10-11 on Sept 14 ·          Sense of abjectness ·          Autumn and loneliness-fragmentation, gradual descent; slowly walking movement; isolation ·          Typographical poetry – using typeface to represent ideas – later called concrete poetry or visual poetry ·          Modernism – 20 th century – after WW1 (notion of the world as disposable) angst, malaise (illness of mind), existential crisis With WW II, more complex, sophisticated, efficient way of killing many people  loss of faith in establishment, church (look up sterility in this context) ·          Cummings was a graphic artist ·          Understanding the (movement)essence of every creature ·          When do we become who we are? I...

10-11 on 27 Aug – BHAVANI stream of consciousness serial husband dying of gangrene recollects memories of people, death, life in poverty,  of lovely places he’s seen current wife trying to amuse him doesn’t love her finds that his pretences of love are nicer than the real thing; smothering, quarrelsome in love much heat random hyena Hemmingway an ambulance driver, seen aach* lot of pain Modern Period- 1900-1945 Fascinated by upper class society American Dream- term coined by-James truslow-Life liberty, pursuit of happiness gradually dissolved into materialism American self-importance to individual identity Streetcar named desire Death of a salesman American Dream redefined-money, car, house Sense, sensibility- shattered by wars Survival, loss, disillusionment Youth suffered a sense of ennui- a ‘lost’ generation Difficult to label American lifestyle, writing, sensibilities coherently. No inhibitions in expressing anything Some believe in precision, accuracy, ...

10-11 on 31 Aug Cockney (dialect) a marker of being part of the lowest stratum of society sense of persecution - guilty coz black "oversoul" end result of slavery is dehumanization hegemony only way of overcoming - keeping hope alive, fighting back, not accepting other end of spectrum (of dealing with things) is fatalism feeling of being a fugitive (phenomenon) (to be black in America) even to this day  runaway - <Black like me> equal (nuomena) but segregated Blacks in sports and entertainment rather than policy making- if you must be equal to us then do things that entertain us Zora Lee Hurston - jazz not a part of the white man Chapter is a dry comment on America- it is all a projection and thereby construction of power. notion of constantly being a fugitive - victim of law and his own psyche- collective unconsciousness Jones himself running from the law for murder. crown berry - song figure of hobo - gonzo journalism okay to be a rolling stone, gat...

I'm sorry it's not in essay format - the notes are too scattered History of African American writing not rooted in pain and suffering but in resistance look at slavery as a project auction block tradition (like in 12 years a slave) (belief that some are sub-human) state of supported slavery - heavy physical labor that was required in plantations and agriculture (cotton, canes) provided for through slavery - white man didn't want to get his hands dirty especially when free labor was an option Boers = Germans in Africa Slaves tracked down as animals manacled in holds belonged to different tribes; had strong Islamic practices slave traders were illiterate, brutish whites Africans were very civilized but stripped of civilization in the holds -> clothing removed (morality, modesty denied) -> dead left to fester and be eaten by rats -> cleaned by hot water being thrown at them -> auction block (complete objectification) -> marriage not allo...

Geneotype: genetic makeup containing both expressed and unexpressed characteristics Phenotype: observable characteristics Mutations: permanent alteration in genes or chromosomes that may produce harmful characteristics (at least 1.6 harmful mutation per person in each generation) Many defects are hereditary and people pass them on  Mutation leads to abnormalities in genes/chromosomes (can occur spontaneously or be induced by environmental hazards like radiation) Many disorders are a result of inherited disposition and environmental factors before and/or after birth - Ex: ADHD is a behavioral disorder transmitted multifactorially -> combination of genetic and environmental factors to produce certain complex traits Not all abnormalities are visible at birth: Sachs - not visible until 6 months Sickle cell anaemia -"- Cystic fibrosis - not seen until age 4 Glaucoma - not seen until middle age Huntington's disease -"- 1 in every 156 children in Western co...

learning is  long lasting change in behavior based on experience or adaptation to environment BEHAVIORISM: mechanistic theory behaviorists look for events that determine whether or not a particular behavior will be repeated focus on associative learning through operant and classical conditioning classical conditioning is a natural form of learning that occurs even without intervention. by learning what events go together, children can anticipate what is going to happen and this makes their world a more orderly, predictable place John Watson's classical conditioning on Little Albert, an 11month baby - taught him to fear furry white objects operant conditioning -  individual learns from consequences of operating on the environment;  involves voluntary behavior -  an organism will repeat a response that has been reinforced and suppress a response that has been punished reinforcement increases the likelihood that a behavior will be repeated  (positive re...

Emphasis on mental processes Clinical method - combined observation with flexible questioning Comprehensive theory of cognitive development Organization - tendency to create increasingly complex cognitive structures or schemes (Systems of knowledge or ways of thinking that incorporate more and more accurate images of reality) Adaptation - how children handle new information in light of what they already know; involving assimilation (taking in new information and incorporating it into existing cognitive structures) and accommodation (changing one's cognitive structures to include the new information);  the shift from one to the other is dictated by equilibriation (constant striving for for a stable balance or equilibrium)

Contextual/Sociocultural Central focus is social, cultural and historical complex Stresses on child's active engagement with environment, like Piaget Cognitive growth is a collaborative process Child acquires cognitive skills through social interaction Shared activities enable kids to internalize society's ways of thinking and behaving Adults must help direct and organize child's behavior Effective for helping child cross the zdp (Zone of Proximal Distance) that is the difference between what a child can do alone and what he can do with help In the course of collaboration, responsibility for directing and monitoring learning gradually shifts to child Ex: learning how to float in water Scaffolding - temporary support that parents, teachers or others give a child to master a task until the child can do it alone implications for education and cognitive testing - focus on a child's potential as opposed to what he has already learned

1) SIGMUND FREUD - Psychosexual Development people are born with biological drives that must be redirected so as to live in society personality is formed in childhood, as children deal with unconscious conflicts between these inborn urges and the requirements of civil life 5 stages, based on maturation: oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital most susceptible to fixation during oral, anal and phallic stage 3 hypothetical parts of personality: id, ego and superego id functions on pleasure principle; ego - reality principle *clientele of upper-middle-class adults, mostly female does not take into account other and later influences on personality 2) ERIK ERIKSON - Psychosocial Development "crisis" between one positive and negative tendency  until 12-18 months of age - basic trust  vs mistrust  - value learned: hope whether the world is safe or not 12-18 months to 3 years - autonomy vs  shame or doubt  - will balance between independence...

The speaker recalls with adoration <adulation?> the lovely things she has watched that have unwittingly seeped  her soul in color with every passing day. Stanza 2: saffron sunset clouds larkspur ( meaning ) mountains* fenceless miles of plain* (fields, prairies) golden-green hillsides*, shining unearthly after rain Stanza 3: nights of blue and pearl simile - long smooth beaches yellow as sunburnt wheat others - line of foam that creams and hisses, enticing weary feet  (transferred epithet) Stanza 4: emeralds sunset-hearted opals Asian marble veined with scarlet flame cool green jade misty and azure-stained moonstones Stanza 5: almond trees in bloom oleanders* wide purple sea of plain-land (meaning field) gorgeous with a lovely poison - the evil Darling pea* She calls on these images to help her dream when she is tired, like how in stanza 6, lemon, pink, or faintest, coolest lilac dawn-lit skies float on her soothed eyes. No n...