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PHONETICS: The study of the articulation, transfer and reception of speech Reasons to study phonetics: a standard, for correctness, to be understood (Received pronunciations – British English – IPA) Speech System: 1.         The respiratory system (lungs, muscles of chest, windpipe (trachea), bronchi) 2.         The articulatory system 3.         The phonetory system (pharynx, larynx) Classification of consonants: 1.         Air stream mechanism The source of the air you use to produce the sound. (i)                    Pulmonic air stream mechanism – lungs (ii)                  Velaric air stream mechanism – soft palate (ii...

The selection of speech sounds that form the sound system of a language, and their combination and organization to form words is studied under phonology. English (of Received Pronunciation) has 44 speech sounds - 12 pure vowels, 8 diphthongs, and 24 consonants. Each language organizes the sounds in its sound system differently. For instance, Tamil, Hindi and English all have the voiceless velar plosive [k], and while all three languages permit [k] in word beginnings, and Hindi and English allow [k] in word endings, Tamil does not. Or where words English and Hindi may end in vowels and consonants, the phonology of Kannada doesn't permit consonants to end words. Or even within English, a word may begin with three consonant sounds, only such that the first is [s], the second is [p], [t], or [k], and the third is [l], [r], [j], or [w]. Phoneme theory: Two or more variants of a sound ( members  - allophones (of the phoneme)) may occur in mutually exclusive, predictable phoneti...