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Glorifying Abraham Lincoln <nationalism- eliminated slavery, ended racism in his day, Ghettysburg address- of the people, for the people, by the people> Transcendentalist with twist- different categories for soul and self and all things (gender, sexuality irrelevant to him) You are not a speck in this universe, you are the cosmos - you are the universe in ecstatic motion Once you identify with the universe this way, everything else becomes menial Whitman speaks of spiders, snakes, lizards etc- things of nature not considered beautiful were his topics Leaves of grass- they appear uniform but each blade if measured will vary; metaphor for humanity, the singular race we belong to Universal self---individual self Colors (not racist) embody the multiplicity of mankind Songs of myself- American self God not with respect to religion but as a presence Nothing is useless, mean, stupid, petty- everything has a role and is significant WHITMAN stanza 1 about spider...

American self- people form an identity for themselves. Race of all races- melting pot- Whitman Transcendentalism – self reliance; individualism (content and accountable to self) Ideas of Romanticism blended with N.A. ideals (important reverence for nature) and put into practise in the Newland. Gilded age, Gold rush- America split into those trying to transcend and become one with the nature and those chasing after material wealth. Also refers to artificial shine, gloss etc. Shallow, materialistic Americans attempting to buy class. Sectionalism and nationalism- during civil war industry was growing; South still farmed so slavery existed; North progressed so slavery banished. Realism (how it actually is) V/S Idealism (what it should be) American transcendentalists failed in imitation of Indian philosophers but managed to articulate it. Food habits also changed- canned, packed food Reconstruction Era Automobiles Led to American dream of owning a house, car for self ...

by Kate Chopin Impressionism is an art form that plays with pressure and absences, or leaving out stuff Monet's Water Lilies is the most famous example - goes back to Transparent Eyeball (cataract on one eye so sees differently) http://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/paintings/learn-about-art/guide-to-impressionism/guide-to-impressionism Impressionism follows the passage of light as in a partially lit or darkened room - utilizing periods of light and dark Chioroscuro Creole Mulatto Light is the absence of color texture is absorption or reflection of light Fluidity of gender Sexuality - to live is to be sexually alive - there is no denying one's sexuality, but in a convent it is completely ignored In this text, the color of lilacs is reflected through the sensuous description of the scent of the flower - depiction of texture Austerity is not the same as simplicity and elegance lay sisters - those assigned household duties. Often refugees Paris represents debauchery...

By James Russell Lowell Men! whose boast it is that ye Come of fathers brave and free, If there breathe on earth a slave, Are ye truly free and brave? If ye do not feel the chain, When it works a brother's pain, Are ye not base slaves indeed, Slaves unworthy to be freed? Women! who shall one day bear Sons to breathe New England air, If ye hear, without a blush, Deeds to make the roused blood rush Like red lava through your veins, For your sisters now in chains,-- Answer! are ye fit to be Mothers of the brave and free? Is true Freedom but to break Fetters for our own dear sake, And, with leathern hearts, forget That we owe mankind a debt? No! true freedom is to share All the chains our brothers wear And, with heart and hand, to be Earnest to make others free! They are slaves who fear to speak For the fallen and the weak; They are slaves who will not choose Hatred, scoffing, and abuse, Rather than in silence shrink From the truth they needs must think; They are slav...