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Meaning: A lover preserves a moment in time with his beloved by strangling her Intention: To shock the "numbed" Victorian reader into questioning: 1. contemporary preoccupation with illicit sex out of wedlock and 2. which is worse, violence or sex Tone: Measured madness - ababb rhyme scheme - "the intensity and asymmetry of the pattern suggests the madness concealed within the speaker’s reasoned self-presentation" Style: Dark Romanticism. Gothic even http://www.shmoop.com/poetry/how-to-read-poem/how-to-read.html Death table analysis: Framework: Victorian prudishness Approach: Stylistic (content) analysis Lexical: (words) The speaker of the poem is articulate and unapologetic. He insists, "No pain felt she; /I am quite sure she felt no pain." - in plain language, mimicking natural speech, but as with his other dramatic monologues as psychological portraits, each metaphor requires close attention, as it portrays the subtleties in th...

Hmm, what shall I share with you guys that is useful and will help you in your paper, in 5 hours? Positivity? Oh hell yes! Oh here's a checklist to make sure you've covered everything: (Chapters) About the Victorian Era Darwinism The Lady of Shallot by Alfred Lord Tennyson Dramatic monologue Andrea del Sarto by Robert Browning The Windhover by Gerard Manley Hopkins Inscape and Instress Sprung Rhythm The Darkling Thrush by Thomas Hardy Victorian elements in the same - inept century, no hope, blah blah Easter, 1916 by W.B. Yeats The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock Prufrockian Paralysis Modernism Imagism Realism The Question by Adrian Mitchell Hawk Roosting by Ted Hughes Dis Poetry by Benjamin Zephaniah The Dead by James Joyce A Cup of Tea by Katherine Mansfield An excerpt from The State of Funk by D.H. Lawrence Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens Pygmalion by George Bernard Shaw Coraline by Neil Gaiman Understanding of Victorian Era from Oliver...

influenced by Dante's Divine Comedy - Purgatorio Guidido - in 8th circle of hell written in 1910-11 Laurence Peril apparently random thoughts linked psychologically, not logically seems to be a dialogue between "you" and "I" where "you" defines the "I" and vice-versa dialectical conflict interior monologue introspection, talking to oneself in telling his story, Prufrock finds redemption he may be considered to be an 'abject' - a recluse because never considered to be a part of society social responsibility and moral vision - Dante gave a voice to Guido, the utterly damned A drama of literary anguish - stream of consciousness Why Prufrock? because name of furniture store near Elliot's place but also, 'prufstein' in German means touchstone and a touchstone is used to identify precious metals LINE 1: 'you and I' - either <narrator and reader>, <speaker and implied auditor> or <the d...

Not the same thing as modernity Keywords (I shall elaborate later) Modern Period Modernist movement Expressionism, Surrealism etc A set of movements, deliberations, discussions in the first half of the 20th century Usually, literature glorifies life, but in Prufrock, reader forced to question whether he has one to begin with Fragmentation, fractured existence - not whole, not complete, not holistic Imagination and reality We construct our own realities - they are products of our imagination, which shapes our world Reality is constantly changing as we attempt to find imaginatively satisfying ways to perceive the world Reality constituted by an imaginative process of piecemeal attempts at finding coherence.

Hardy’s work – Naturalism, Wessex (countryside), pre-industrial England, nostalgia Role of destiny in everything Society of consumption, consumerism The industrialized were brought back to their human nature “Had chosen thus to fling his soul (<3) Upon the growing gloom” The Darkling Thrush BY  THOMAS HARDY I leant upon a coppice gate When Frost was spectre-grey, And Winter's dregs made desolate The weakening eye of day. dusk The tangled pine-stems scored the sky Like strings of broken lyres, And all mankind that haunted nigh Had sought their household fires. All have returned home to warmth and love, but speaker is alone, leaning on a coppice-gate The land's sharp features seemed to be Rigor mortis The Century's corpse outleant, Century – Victorian Era Death is the starkest contrast to life His crypt the cloudy canopy, Crypt – enclosure, pit The wind his death-lament. The ancient pulse of germ and birth Was ...

YEATS not Yates Remember that. Marks the transition Irish nationalist movement – strong folk tradition (Irish); independent of Great Britain (republic) W.r.t. revival of Ireland and its spirit Written after the Irish uprising of Easter 1916 Fiery spirit (Irish, not Hardy’s) About choosing roles in life – societal, macrocosmic pressures stronger than personal drive Personal choice subservient to social pressure Speaker indifferent at first but then realizes the enormity of what Ireland was trying to achieveContrast between pre- and post-uprising – all has changed Evolution – nation-public-common cause – how he changes through the poem Cursory nods show indifference which is later transformed into celebration and glorification Motley – grey – commonplace existence (no more nonchalance) Significance of "grey/Eighteenth century houses" http://www.enotes.com/topics/easter-1916/in-depth   Countess Markievicz – sweet-voiced then shrill from shouting and fighti...

Hopkins is fangirling over the kestrel - extreme Romanticism minion = subordinate/darling dauphin = nobleman (title) Hopkins is observing the bird on a brilliant morning, where the bird is the lord of the morning dappled = spotted dawn-drawn = morning brings him in riding in the wind = hovering in gusty winds; it does not just fly - it rolls metaphor of humility and contro in your own terms not always the one who's highest that's in control fact that he is witness to this bird lets him explore its inscape and the instress - it is an individual experience compared to a horse (reins) the windhover rules the sky with just two foldable wings lives in the present = unaffected, gliding smoothly in the roughest, harshest winds "My heart in hiding/Strirred for a bird" = gave up poetry, didn't write for years and then a bird comes along and makes him sit up and take notice again achieve, mastery = master of himself, without pretense or self-conscio...

SOCIETY: Aristocracy > Middle class > Working class Middle class dominated the poor POVERTY: move to city to chase the urban dream institutional crime Oliver the illegitimate child of an aristocrat - Dickens makes him suffer like the oppressed but not all middle-class people are evil IDENTITY: mistaken identity orphans don't know their roots GOOD VS. EVIL SOCIAL CRITICISM: origins matter more than character - rather assumptions made about character on the basis of only origin bias showed England at its worst - but if he sugar-coated it, the book would be dismissed rich-poor divide ------------- Oliver neglected, starved, ill-clothed Mistreated even as a child Theme of innocence - where do you begin to differentiate between naivete and stupidity "inappropriate" time of birth Reality of workhouses portrayed ---------------- SOCIAL CONTEXT English Poor Law biased implementation - emphasis on virtues of hard...

Transition from Early to Late Victorian Beginning of modernism, ecological discourse spoke about environment poems published posthumously, in 20th century, but it just so happened that the questions he raised in his poems were relevant then they questioned the false sense of progress, man's insensitive attitude towards Nature - how man is not in tune with Nature and has smudged the Earth {God's Granger - world charged with the electric energy of God} INSCAPE - God's utterance of himself outside himself in this world - totality of all characteristics, unique to all creatures, uniquely and that differentiates it from the world INSTRESS - force of being that holds inscape together - the impulse of recognition - because one impulse of being is different from the other how everything - people, experiences, places, things - affects us perhaps most importantly, "the ice cream is also doing things to you" Inscape and Instress " Hopkins’s mimetic langua...

Andre del Sarto Robert Browning Sushma ma'am's lecture notes on 15 December Browning perfected the dramatic monologue: Dramatic monologue is not a soliloquy It is any form of poetry that has a speaker, an implied auditor and an occassion (usually a crisis in the speaker's life) It has one voice containing an intrinsic (implicit) appeal using rhetoric This speaker is a character of depth, psychological complexity, strain Look up: psychography Relevant: high Renaissance, Mannerism Contemporary (of the high Renaissance) (along with Andrea del Sarto) artists: Raphael, Michaelangelo -------------- Browning attempted an Italian context to a Victorian text (explained using the window metaphor - looking at a 13-14 C artist's life through Victorian elements) dynamics of a relationship of love changes after marriage POINTERS: institution of marriage, commitment, contrast between proud artist and beseeching husband Littlest things bring you down Roles in l...

Sushma ma'am's lecture notes: Introduction to Tennyson on 18 Nov 2014 Sir Alfred Lord Tennyson 1809-1892 Poet Laureate after Wordsworth Raised to peerage as Lord in 1884 Poetry: In Memoriam, Idylls of the King, Queen Mary, Harold, Akbar's Dream, The Lady of Shalott Simple language; classical, ornate tone - almost musical Tennyson's poetic career analysed in terms of two works: Locksley Hall (written in 1842) - celebrates England's faith in science and commerce Locksley Hall Sixty Years After (written in 1886) - expresses repulsion with science [Science first seen as magic solution to end class barriers but later, it came to be concluded that science made these barriers more rigid] W.R.T. Victorianism other works like The Princess, Idylls of the King and Ulysses look at higher education of women, reflections on life and exploration - "the promise of the journey lies in the uncharted waters" Tennyson called "the poetic exponent of the...

SUSHMA MA'AM 10 NOV 2014 INTRODUCTION TO VICTORIAN ENGLAND Victorian: not necessarily of the age (1837 to 1901) but also about the sensibility Tangible aspects: 1. extreme prosperity 2. height of imperialism 3. industrial revolution and agricultural revolution and their effect on daily life (railways, separation of private and public space, concept of town vs city or vs workplace (in an agrarian lifestyle, the workplace and home is the same - not so in an urban setting), "balance" of the two) 4. architecture (revival of medieval, Gothic - dark, secretive, cloistered) 5. inventions!!! (Queen Victoria first to be photographed) The Great Exhibition is used as a metaphor for the age of inventions: all modern scientific inventions were put on display - camera, steam engine - but also a miniature iron-and-glass structure (apparently a building) which shocked the public who would not trust iron (as opposed to stone) as building material and who reje...

Hi guys! Since I am a dweeb who studies in the vacations, and thought you would also benefit from a headstart on the hell they're going to throw our way this semester, here is the syllabus: BRIT LIT: http://www.christuniversity.in/uploadimages/English%20Studies%20syllabus%202013-14(1).pdf And expect notes (topic by topic, not chapter by chapter) the day they are taught, henceforth. Bibliography of Required Reading (EST 231) Abrams, M.H. A Glossary of Literary Terms. 8th Ed. New York: Wardworth, 2005. Print. Corcoran, Neil. The Cambridge Companion to Twentieth-Century English Poetry. Cambridge: CUP, 2007.Print. (on flipkart this costs you Rs. 2,555) Davis, Alex, and Lee M Jenkins. The Cambridge Companion to Modernist Poetry. Cambridge: CUP, 2007.Print. > We already know the syllabus for Additional and General English, but here are the links nonetheless: GENERAL ENGLISH: http://www.christuniversity.in/uploadimages/First%20Year%20English%20syllabus%20fo...