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Development of English studies: Ignore the confusing order in which this topic is presented in the textbook. Before the pointy UFO's (<^> <^> <^>) is in brief ( pages 11 through 16 ) and after them is in detail ( pages 21 through 35 ). In the beginning (first quarter of 19th century) the study of English was a Church monopoly. The two institutions, Cambridge and Oxford were separate and ran as monasteries, with ordained priests, Anglican communicant students etc, all the way until the 1820's A breakthrough happened in 1826 when a University College was founded for men and women of all religions or none at all - no biggie - that started offering English as a subject in 1828. (This was basically the study of English as a language, using literature only for examples) King's College is the beginning of Literature as we know it. F. D. Maurice, appointed Professor in 1840, laid down some of the principles of liberal humanism (he also believed that literat...

9-10 on 26 Nov, 2015 Narratology: draws from structuralism 1. nothing can be considered in isolation 2. every narrative is made up of units, combined using rules study of narratives - structure, why, mechanisms, procedures, how it makes meaning for you nature of story cultural practice difference between plot and story Narrative: the way in which you describe something, a recounting of events Bordwell: Narrative is a series of events bound by a cause-and-effect relationship, or a causal link Narrator:  anonymous, 1st person, 3rd person, "objective", subjective whoever does the recounting Narratee: to whom the recounting is done Aristotle: first person to give clear picture of narratology according to him, tragedy was superior to other epic forms because of spectacle (out of plot-character-thought-diction-song-spectacle) and because they're self-contained plot is the heart and soul of tragedy: hamartia (tragic flaw - jealousy, pri...

Tue, 5 Jan, 2016 read texts for covert desires and drives that motivate characters his psychological works "inaugurated" psychoanalytic criticism since, creativity and meaning, many artists realized, could be deeply embedded within the psyche, and, say, a painting unsuccessful repression - which means that repressed desires and memories found expression - through dreams, habits etc Freudian slips suggest that the unconscious also requires language - dreams, then, are basically metaphors For example, the Oedipus complex is a way of understanding male sexuality. Furthermore, fear of castration causes him to affiliate with the father (since the father is an un-overcomeable authority figure who establishes the law of kinship) and internalizes social norms. Real-life situation ice cream: id: Grab it ego: No man, we'll get in trouble superego: How about you ask first? Coz that's the right thing to do contribution of Freud was dream analysis (condensation, disp...