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Atlantic slave trade Negro- factual Nigger - derogatory 14th Amendment - African American; not native  Americans - N. A. only got citizenship in the 60s sharecropping a form of slavery -  indentured servitude -  must return to it for survival debt -> crop failure -> credit + INTEREST -> pestilence Free men's bureau, Affirmative action -> just a leg up Rich do not want to give to the poor meaningfully you can never advance Jim Crow - N.A. Latino, Black cannot walk on the same sidewalk 13th Amendment - Black man gets right to vote BUT Poll tax Literacy test this is known as micro aggression or death from a million paper cuts Frugality, thrift John Crow -> System of laws 1940 -> Segregation, Great depression

EMILY DICKINSON http://www.proseandhistory.com/i-years-had-been-from-home/ http://www.poetrysoup.com/famous/poem/1646/I_Years_had_been_from_Home http://www.poets.org/poet.php/prmPID/155 http://www.biography.com/people/emily-dickinson-9274190 Experience of death - wow I want to jump into the ocean Introspection No title - open to interpretation, audience left looking for themes Obscure entries or exits, readers intrigued <TRUTH IS BEAUTY IS TRUTH > like Keats <TIME - could not stop for death> <SELECT AND CHOOSE> writing back = working with an established center that we are bound to appropriation = when you analyze how another culture's artifacts work for them and see if they'll work for you                     = artistic survival strategies preservation vs conservation                       ^like a particular genre of music - look fo...

Implications of Title - going to challenge notions, ideas national self and individual self This seemingly "History of America" text fits into a Literature course because of how author approaches the subject presentation not necessarily manipulation power and obfuscation a celebration - the ability to say something in a nebulous manner - to break it up into many parts Franklin experimenting with the norm - breaking it down, playing with contradiction I will not build your empire for you - I will instead show you how to bring it down charter format carpet baggers (later becomes the basis of capitalism) - rejects - reckless, nothing to lose - recycled ministers, officials humor: - can be liberating, so usually kept out of administration ( imitation, Aristotle's theory but also parody, can't overdo it either) -  it is in this moment, then it is over - there is the choice of not taking it seriously- this is a literary piece not meant to mock charters bu...

1. Look at how slavery is portrayed 2. Analyze the characters' reactions - personal emotions vs social reactions (wrt racial discrimination) 3. Observe gender roles Reflect on how author had to write a work of fiction for her voice to be heard Mr Shelby does not consult his wife before he sold off Uncle Tom and Henry Bloodhound Law, Fugitive Slavery Acy 1850 (became legal to hunt for escaped slaves and bring them back) 1850 - before Civil War Uncle Tom's Cabin a major contributor The man that was a thing- objectified, treated and considered as property and sold and bought Written with the perspective that slavery is sin with a projection as a command from God, as a moral duty to address this Kentucky between North and South(not fully industrialised) You are kind to them but have not stopped enslaving them Uncle Tom: Dignified, Pious, tamed, Christian Ideas, mental condition, seperation anxiety about slavery George Harris- devices a machine and plans Languag...

Glorifying Abraham Lincoln <nationalism- eliminated slavery, ended racism in his day, Ghettysburg address- of the people, for the people, by the people> Transcendentalist with twist- different categories for soul and self and all things (gender, sexuality irrelevant to him) You are not a speck in this universe, you are the cosmos - you are the universe in ecstatic motion Once you identify with the universe this way, everything else becomes menial Whitman speaks of spiders, snakes, lizards etc- things of nature not considered beautiful were his topics Leaves of grass- they appear uniform but each blade if measured will vary; metaphor for humanity, the singular race we belong to Universal self---individual self Colors (not racist) embody the multiplicity of mankind Songs of myself- American self God not with respect to religion but as a presence Nothing is useless, mean, stupid, petty- everything has a role and is significant WHITMAN stanza 1 about spider...

American self- people form an identity for themselves. Race of all races- melting pot- Whitman Transcendentalism – self reliance; individualism (content and accountable to self) Ideas of Romanticism blended with N.A. ideals (important reverence for nature) and put into practise in the Newland. Gilded age, Gold rush- America split into those trying to transcend and become one with the nature and those chasing after material wealth. Also refers to artificial shine, gloss etc. Shallow, materialistic Americans attempting to buy class. Sectionalism and nationalism- during civil war industry was growing; South still farmed so slavery existed; North progressed so slavery banished. Realism (how it actually is) V/S Idealism (what it should be) American transcendentalists failed in imitation of Indian philosophers but managed to articulate it. Food habits also changed- canned, packed food Reconstruction Era Automobiles Led to American dream of owning a house, car for self ...

by Kate Chopin Impressionism is an art form that plays with pressure and absences, or leaving out stuff Monet's Water Lilies is the most famous example - goes back to Transparent Eyeball (cataract on one eye so sees differently) http://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/paintings/learn-about-art/guide-to-impressionism/guide-to-impressionism Impressionism follows the passage of light as in a partially lit or darkened room - utilizing periods of light and dark Chioroscuro Creole Mulatto Light is the absence of color texture is absorption or reflection of light Fluidity of gender Sexuality - to live is to be sexually alive - there is no denying one's sexuality, but in a convent it is completely ignored In this text, the color of lilacs is reflected through the sensuous description of the scent of the flower - depiction of texture Austerity is not the same as simplicity and elegance lay sisters - those assigned household duties. Often refugees Paris represents debauchery...

By James Russell Lowell Men! whose boast it is that ye Come of fathers brave and free, If there breathe on earth a slave, Are ye truly free and brave? If ye do not feel the chain, When it works a brother's pain, Are ye not base slaves indeed, Slaves unworthy to be freed? Women! who shall one day bear Sons to breathe New England air, If ye hear, without a blush, Deeds to make the roused blood rush Like red lava through your veins, For your sisters now in chains,-- Answer! are ye fit to be Mothers of the brave and free? Is true Freedom but to break Fetters for our own dear sake, And, with leathern hearts, forget That we owe mankind a debt? No! true freedom is to share All the chains our brothers wear And, with heart and hand, to be Earnest to make others free! They are slaves who fear to speak For the fallen and the weak; They are slaves who will not choose Hatred, scoffing, and abuse, Rather than in silence shrink From the truth they needs must think; They are slav...

Rip Van Winkle Rip Van Winkle Sleeeping soundly for Twe-enty years Bhavani ma'am ( *_* ) __/\__   \/  \/   /\  /\     \/         <----  Star of David of critical analysis and summarizing         ___________ / 1 background \ ________         \ 6 characters / -----PLOT------ \ 2 author / / 5 narrative style \ _____________ / 3 setting \ ----------------------\ 4 theme         /------------ 1) Background Dutch settlement in 1600s; not colonizers so not much account in history; they also did not culturally impact anyone greatly <Dutch lost Anglo-Dutch war in 1660s and had to give away parts of their land. Later sided with the English against the French> 2) Author David Knickerbocker believes that history occurs in the lifespan of people History is to be lived, not recalled 3) Setting Sleepy Hollow - niche areas where people are unaware of wha...

Dominant themes in Emerson's poetry are transcendentalism, experience, detachment, social construct, enlightened self-interest, agency, Nature, ratiocination and change. In the poem, 'I Become a Transparent Eyeball' from his essay, 'Nature', Emerson attempts to encourage detachment. He tells us to always be in the process of 'becoming', for there is no greater glory and pride than in striving. Emerson asks that we live in the 'immediate'. Emerson's ideology with regard to Nature and society was different from the contemporary perspectives - the British in general had a consumerist attitude toward nature in that its bounties and beauties were for mankind's enjoyment, supposedly. Thoreau, Emerson's counterpart believed that man was nothing in the face of Nature, that man will always be humbled by the majesty and simple brute force of Nature. Thoreau was a riot figure - he said that you must give up your claims on society if you dare a...