Study Buddy

Printable PDF Ch1.1   Ch1.2 Ch5 Ch8: Marxism Ch10: Postcolonial criticism Ch2: Structuralism Ch12: Narratology Ch12.ii: Aristotle vs Plato Ch3: Post-Structuralism and Deconstruction Ch6: Feminism Ch9: New historicism and cultural materialism Ch4: Postmodernism Ch13: Ecocriticism

Modernism was after WWI (1914-1918 and after). It was a series of cultural movements. There were systems in place that promised people that their needs would be fulfilled and that failed them. They were disillusioned, angry and anxious; and they expressed this through art, literature, architecture etc. This was the beginning of the avant-garde movement. Hemingway's zero endings Ezra Pound - "make it new" stream of consciousness impressionism self-reflexivity People began to question everything, including the existence of God. Modernists recognized that the old order had crumbled - they were happy that the old had given way to the new, but were deeply anxious about how to set up a new world order rejected certainty of Enlightenment Age thought (such as belief in experiments and rationality) - chaos and disorder was more real for them rejected the existence of an all-powerful creator saw traditional forms of art as outdated no fixed answer avant-garde:...

You no longer privilege only literary texts - you begin to recognize and appreciate other texts, such as annals, rituals, fashion etc, since they are also part of the era. There is no more foregrounding of certain texts over others, and there is equal importance given to co-texts. New Historicism opposes the exclusively text-based approach. There is no more isolation. Texts cannot exist in a vacuum. New Historicism borrows heavily from Marxism, as with the the proposition that every text is rooted in social relations, factoring power struggles, and material conditions of life. Stephen Greenblatt  started this; he first used the term. Here's some ppt points: parallel reading of literary and non-literary texts reaction to text-only approach which placed literature in a vacuum; it was a recovery of the referent textuality of history and historicity of texts: texts and co-texts old historicism saw history as objective, unchanging and which can be recovered easily new hist...

Notes and excerpts from Susan Gubar's introduction to 'Critical Condition: Feminism at the Turn of the Century': (i) Feminist studies have multiplied into various forms of inquiry in which every category linked to gender has itself undergone critical redefinition. (The book was published in 2000.) Just as proponents of identity politics enlarged the meaning of the term "women" by combining such categories as race and sex with gender analysis, post-structuralist thinkers used gender analysis to display the instability of such categories as race and sex. (ii) That is, the terms race, sex, religion, and caste started out as fixed phrases w.r.t. gender, but considerations of gender quickly complicated their meanings. (iii) Gubar held the "passionate belief that the pedagogic function of feminist studies depends on abrogating scholarly ghettoization and that its future vitality hinges on our ability to bring gender into play with different sorts of difference...

1. Source Aristotle considered poetry as a product of skill or art, both of which are based on rational and intelligible principles Plato treated poetry as inspired, therefore irrational 2. Imitation Aristotle valued imitation as an enabler of learning. Furthermore since poetry is a representation of things that might happen in human lives, and universal situations of poetry are more philosophical than the particulars of a historical narrative, poetry gives us a more generalized understanding of human nature. Furthermore people delight in accurate imitations and they have cognitive value - they satisfy our natural desire to learn Plato believed that poets have no knowledge of what they imitate and hence their imitations are at a third remove from reality 3. Morally harmful Aristotle believed that poetry and tragedy engages out emotions and is therefore beneficial Plato believed that poetry stimulated emotions that ought to be suppressed

Comparison  - formalism, structuralism, linguistics, 'close reading' Saussure  - hilarious and very useful video New Criticism  - or 'Practical Criticism' Russian Formalism  - overview Phenomenology  - quick definition Narratology  - Google suggested this :') Psychoanalytic criticism  - overview, and  wiki page

Development of English studies: Ignore the confusing order in which this topic is presented in the textbook. Before the pointy UFO's (<^> <^> <^>) is in brief ( pages 11 through 16 ) and after them is in detail ( pages 21 through 35 ). In the beginning (first quarter of 19th century) the study of English was a Church monopoly. The two institutions, Cambridge and Oxford were separate and ran as monasteries, with ordained priests, Anglican communicant students etc, all the way until the 1820's A breakthrough happened in 1826 when a University College was founded for men and women of all religions or none at all - no biggie - that started offering English as a subject in 1828. (This was basically the study of English as a language, using literature only for examples) King's College is the beginning of Literature as we know it. F. D. Maurice, appointed Professor in 1840, laid down some of the principles of liberal humanism (he also believed that literat...

9-10 on 26 Nov, 2015 Narratology: draws from structuralism 1. nothing can be considered in isolation 2. every narrative is made up of units, combined using rules study of narratives - structure, why, mechanisms, procedures, how it makes meaning for you nature of story cultural practice difference between plot and story Narrative: the way in which you describe something, a recounting of events Bordwell: Narrative is a series of events bound by a cause-and-effect relationship, or a causal link Narrator:  anonymous, 1st person, 3rd person, "objective", subjective whoever does the recounting Narratee: to whom the recounting is done Aristotle: first person to give clear picture of narratology according to him, tragedy was superior to other epic forms because of spectacle (out of plot-character-thought-diction-song-spectacle) and because they're self-contained plot is the heart and soul of tragedy: hamartia (tragic flaw - jealousy, pri...

Tue, 5 Jan, 2016 read texts for covert desires and drives that motivate characters his psychological works "inaugurated" psychoanalytic criticism since, creativity and meaning, many artists realized, could be deeply embedded within the psyche, and, say, a painting unsuccessful repression - which means that repressed desires and memories found expression - through dreams, habits etc Freudian slips suggest that the unconscious also requires language - dreams, then, are basically metaphors For example, the Oedipus complex is a way of understanding male sexuality. Furthermore, fear of castration causes him to affiliate with the father (since the father is an un-overcomeable authority figure who establishes the law of kinship) and internalizes social norms. Real-life situation ice cream: id: Grab it ego: No man, we'll get in trouble superego: How about you ask first? Coz that's the right thing to do contribution of Freud was dream analysis (condensation, disp...

transcendentalism dramatic start What is grass child is innocent, ignorant, unaware, excited Speaker, an adult, grown-up, "wise" one, also unaware, unable to answer - "I do not know what it is any more than he" I am like grass Reasons why child approached him:  symbols - handkerchief of the lord disposition, person woven out of hopeful dreams grass is a representation of his own hopes designedly (intentionally) dropped (to convey a message) Divine spirit handkerchief is a reminder of possession - bears owner's name, just as the grass bears the name of God Grass represents divinity, reminds us of divine presence grass is a baby/child/product of a habitat Universal language same for all - broad zones (lawns)(broad-minded), narrow zones (pathways)(narrow-minded), black, white, Indian, rich, poor - universal, hieroglyphic - grass is part of the universal language of god Only in America: Kanucks are French Canadians Tuckahoe is a p...